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desertification
IPA: / dezɛʁtifikasjˈɔ̃ /Spread of deserts by changes in climate, or by human-aided processes. Desertification can sometimes be reversed by special planting (marram grass, trees) and by the use of water-absorbent plastic grains, which, added to the soil, enable crops to be grown.
The processes leading to desertification include overgrazing, destruction of forest belts, and exhaustion of the soil by intensive cultivation without restoration of fertilityall of which may be prompted by the pressures of an expanding population or by concentration in land ownership. About 135 million people are directly affected by desertification, mainly in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and South America.